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The need for connectivity is evident during the COVID Era. You learnt about the buzzwords in automation today and you also learned about the wireless and wired connectivity. The basic difference between how wired and wireless works can be summed up in these words,

‘Now, let’s take an example—let’s say you have a wire between your computer and the Internet. And you pump data through. Think of the wire as a pipe and data as water. The more volume of water you pump, the more data you are pumping through. But there is a limit before the pipe explodes, in some sense. So, what do you do when the pipe saturates? All you must do is install one more pipe—or in this case, one more wire. So, in some sense you can have infinite bandwidth—because you just keep installing more wires. And that works. But when you move to the wireless world, this is not the right analogy. The wireless world is like a highway—the width is fixed; you can’t increase the width at all. That is a limitation of nature. So, the capacity of a wireless world is bound—there is a maximum you can extract out of it.’

–Rohan Murty in an interview with Live Mint.

Wireless technologies are designed to reduce the time and connect points not connected by cables while “wired network” requires cabling or ethernet cords. You also learnt the comparison between wired and wireless today in terms of distance, complexity, flexibility, security, redundancy, power loss, cost, and maintenance. Wireless tends to have more advantages but with the diverse topography of our country, the way we transfer data changes with respect to population density and other factors.

As you know a large part of the world is still not digitally connected. 1.1B people use mobiles in our country yet only 664M are internet users. In his recent address to Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 15 announced that over six-lakh villages in India will be connected with optical fibre network in the duration of next 1,000 days .Besides, high speed internet connectivity via submarine optical fibre cable will be extended to Lakshadweep in this period, he said. Talks of 5G are also going around as we all know. But what do you think would be the most efficient way of creating better connectivity in India?

Get in research mode and answer the following questions.

Note: DO NOT COPY-PASTE FROM THE INTERNET. PLAGIARISED MATERIAL WILL BE DISQUALIFIED.

• Q1) In India, what are the factors to be kept in mind while deciding on means of connectivity?
• Q2 What is meant by spectrum in communication? What is licensed and unlicensed spectrum? Can you use unlicensed spectrum?
• Q3) What is Satellite Internet Access? Will something like Starlink prove to be feasible in India if it were made here? Why do you think so?
• Q4) The problem in India in terms of connectivity is the coverage of the area. How do you think it can be solved?
• Q5) How are optical fibres being used to provide better connectivity to remote areas? Why were they chosen? What advantages do you think optical fibre has over other forms? Does Indian topology come into play here?
• Q6) What are the communication needs in the Indian scenario? How many do you think 5G can fulfil? Is there any other better way to connect India digitally? How economic is your suggestion?
• Q7) How do you think the internet reaches you?
• Q8) What are the different generations of Wi-Fi?
• Q9) Which is better: ZigBee or Wi-Fi?
• Q10) If you had to set up a network at your office, list the factors you would consider while choosing the type of network?